On September 3, 2025, the Maharashtra Cabinet approved amendments to labour laws that increase the maximum daily working hours for private sector employees from 9 to 10 hours, and for factory workers from 9 to 12 hours.
The decision, part of a broader effort to align Maharashtra with states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana, aims to boost industrial productivity, attract investment, and streamline compliance for small businesses.
The revised framework also raises the quarterly overtime ceiling from 115 to 144 hours.
Employers must now obtain written consent from employees for any overtime work, and compensation for hours beyond the standard limit must be paid at double the basic wage.
Maharashtra Trade Unions and Employee Forums Push Back
The move has triggered strong reactions from trade unions and employee advocacy groups across the state.
The Hind Mazdoor Sabha has threatened protests, calling the decision exploitative and warning that it legalizes overwork without adequate safeguards.
Sanjay Wadhavkar, general secretary of the Maharashtra Council of Hind Mazdoor Sabha, accused the government of acting under pressure from the Centre and prioritizing corporate interests over worker welfare.
The Forum of IT Employees (FITE), based in Pune, also voiced concerns.
President Pavanjit Mane noted that while no formal increase in hours has been reported yet, many employees already work well beyond their contracted hours without compensation.
He urged workers to document their hours and raise grievances through internal committees, citing the need for stronger enforcement of labour rights.
Health Experts Warn of Mental and Physical Risks
Medical professionals have also weighed in, warning of serious health consequences.
Dr. Harish Shetty, a psychiatrist with expertise in disaster mental health, criticized the move for ignoring the psychological toll of extended work hours.
He cited data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), noting that one-third of suicide deaths in India stem from family-related stress—often exacerbated by long working hours and poor work-life balance.
Dr. Harish argued that the decision could worsen mental health outcomes, reduce family contact time, and normalize unhealthy work cultures.
“The Cabinet wants to normalize a system that already destroys emotional contact and family life,” he said.
Online Backlash and Questions of Fairness
The decision has sparked widespread criticism on social media, with users questioning its fairness and long-term implications.
Many pointed out that the new rules apply only to private sector employees, asking why government employees are exempt.
Others highlighted the strain faced by urban workers, particularly in cities like Mumbai. Long commutes in such areas further intensify the impact of extended workdays.
Memes and commentary have drawn attention to the disconnect between policy and lived experience.
One viral post summed up the situation as “10 hours work + 2 hours traffic.” It highlighted growing concerns about burnout and a declining quality of life.
Maharashtra Government Defends the Move as Pro-Business
Despite the backlash, the Maharashtra government maintains that the amendments are necessary to improve the state’s business climate.
Labour Minister Akash Fundkar stated that the changes would enhance transparency and ensure better compensation for workers.
The amendments also simplify registration requirements for over 85 lakh small businesses, potentially easing compliance burdens.
Officials argue that the reforms will help Maharashtra remain competitive with other industrial states and support job creation.
However, the amendments still require presidential assent and legislative passage before full implementation.
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